/* ==========================================================================
   LOCAL FONTS
   Put Bidad files in: /wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/assets/fonts/
   Expected names: Bidad-Regular.woff2/.woff, Bidad-SemiBold.woff2/.woff,
   Bidad-ExtraBold.woff2/.woff. Add more weights with the same pattern if needed.
   ========================================================================== */
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Bidad';
    src: url('fonts/Bidad-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Bidad-Regular.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Bidad';
    src: url('fonts/Bidad-SemiBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Bidad-SemiBold.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Bidad';
    src: url('fonts/Bidad-ExtraBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Bidad-ExtraBold.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 800;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Sahel';
    src: url('fonts/Sahel.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Sahel.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Sahel';
    src: url('fonts/Sahel-SemiBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Sahel-SemiBold.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Sahel';
    src: url('fonts/Sahel-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Sahel-Bold.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 700;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}
/* ==========================================================================
   BASE STYLES & HEADER
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template {
    background-color: var(--fr-bg);
    color: var(--fr-text);
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s;
}

/* Header Cleanup (Slim, polished, frosted glass) */
body.frontiers-article-template header {
    height: 56px !important;
    min-height: 56px !important;
    padding: 0 1rem !important;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    background: rgba(var(--fr-surface-rgb, 255, 255, 255), 0.8) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    z-index: 100;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header > div.elementor-container > div:nth-child(n+2),
body.frontiers-article-template header section:nth-child(n+2) {
    display: none !important; /* Hides duplicate sub-bars */
}

/* Override existing page TOCs from Elementor to prevent duplication */
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-widget-table-of-contents {
    display: none !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   LAYOUT GRID (RTL)
   ========================================================================== */
/* In RTL, column 1 is Right (TOC), column 2 is Center, column 3 is Left (Controls) */
.fr-layout-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr) 240px;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    max-width: 1500px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    align-items: start;
}
.fr-sidebar-right,
.fr-sidebar-left {
    align-self: start;
    position: sticky;
    top: 80px;
    height: fit-content;
}
.fr-sticky-block {
    position: static;
    top: auto;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   CENTER CONTENT (INFO CARD & TABLES)
   ========================================================================== */
.fr-info-card {
    background: var(--fr-surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}
.fr-info-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.5rem; }
.fr-info-item { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.fr-label { font-weight: 500 !important; color: var(--fr-muted); }
.fr-value { color: var(--fr-text); }

/* Elegant Tables */
.fr-table-wrapper {
    overflow-x: auto;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    background: var(--fr-surface);
}
.fr-table-wrapper table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.fr-table-wrapper th, .fr-table-wrapper td {
    padding: 1rem;
    text-align: right;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
}
.fr-table-wrapper th {
    background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--fr-text);
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] .fr-table-wrapper th { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.02); }
.fr-table-wrapper tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.fr-table-wrapper tbody tr:hover { background-color: rgba(12, 77, 237, 0.03); }
html[data-theme^="dark"] .fr-table-wrapper tbody tr:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03); }

/* ==========================================================================
   LEFT SIDEBAR (CONTROLS & SETTINGS)
   ========================================================================== */

/* ==========================================================================
   PROGRESS & TOOLTIPS
   ========================================================================== */
.fr-progress-bar {
    position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 3px;
    background: transparent; z-index: 9999;
}
.fr-progress-fill {
    height: 100%; width: 0%;
    background: var(--fr-accent); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--fr-accent);
}

.fr-tooltip {
    position: absolute; z-index: 10000;
    background: var(--fr-tooltip-bg); color: var(--fr-tooltip-text);
    padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.8rem; max-width: 250px;
    pointer-events: none; opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px); transition: 0.2s all;
}
.fr-tooltip.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
[data-tooltip] { cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; text-underline-offset: 0; border-bottom: none !important;}
a.fr-pdf-btn[data-tooltip], button[data-tooltip] { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; } /* Override underline for buttons */

/* ==========================================================================
   MOBILE overrides
   ========================================================================== */
.hidden-desktop,
.fr-sheet-overlay,
.fr-bottom-sheet { display: none !important; }

@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    .fr-sidebar-right, .fr-sidebar-left { display: block; }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .hidden-mobile { display: none !important; }
    .hidden-desktop { display: flex !important; }
    .fr-layout-container { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 1rem; }
    
    .fr-fab {
        position: fixed; bottom: 24px; left: 24px;
        width: 56px; height: 56px;
        border-radius: 50%; background: var(--fr-accent); color: #fff;
        border: none; box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
        z-index: 9000; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer;
    }
    .fr-fab svg { width: 28px; }

    .fr-sheet-overlay {
        display: block !important;
        position: fixed; inset: 0; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
        z-index: 9998; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: 0.3s;
    }
    .fr-sheet-overlay.active { opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto; }
    
    .fr-bottom-sheet {
        display: flex !important;
        position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
        background: var(--fr-surface); z-index: 9999;
        border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0; padding: 0;
        transform: translateY(100%); transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
        max-height: 85vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
    }
    .fr-bottom-sheet.active { transform: translateY(0); }
    
    .fr-sheet-header {
        display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border); padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    }
    .fr-sheet-tabs { display: flex; gap: 1rem; }
    .fr-tab-btn {
        background: none; border: none; color: var(--fr-muted); font-size: 1rem;
        padding: 0.5rem 0; cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    }
    .fr-tab-btn.active { color: var(--fr-accent); border-color: var(--fr-accent); font-weight: 700; }
    #fr-close-sheet { background: none; border: none; color: var(--fr-muted); padding: 0; }
    #fr-close-sheet svg { width: 24px; }
    
    .fr-sheet-content { padding: 1.5rem; overflow-y: auto; }
    .fr-tab-panel { display: none; }
    .fr-tab-panel.active { display: block; }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   FINAL SCOPED OVERRIDES / DARK-MODE HARDENING
   ========================================================================== */
html[data-theme] body.frontiers-article-template,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-layout-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-main-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-main,
body.frontiers-article-template #content,
body.frontiers-article-template .page-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .entry-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-section,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-column,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-widget-wrap {
    background-color: var(--fr-bg) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-title,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper td {
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header,
body.frontiers-article-template footer,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-footer {
    background-color: rgba(var(--fr-surface-rgb), 0.92) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-color: var(--fr-border) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template input,
body.frontiers-article-template select,
body.frontiers-article-template textarea,
body.frontiers-article-template button {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template a,
body.frontiers-article-template a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template a:focus {
    text-decoration: none !important;
    border-bottom: none !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.3.0: contrast, sticky header, typography, TOC hierarchy,
   and redesigned reading settings panel
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template {
    font-weight: 400 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-layout-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body *:not(svg):not(path) {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span:not(.fr-label),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body div {
    font-weight: 400 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b {
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}

/* Header: sticky, compact on scroll, with explicit readable colors. */
body.frontiers-article-template header,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header {
    position: sticky !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    height: 56px !important;
    min-height: 56px !important;
    max-height: 56px !important;
    background-color: rgba(var(--fr-surface-rgb), 0.96) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-color: var(--fr-border) !important;
    z-index: 9990 !important;
    transition: height .22s ease, min-height .22s ease, max-height .22s ease, background-color .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header {
    height: 44px !important;
    min-height: 44px !important;
    max-height: 44px !important;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, .08) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, .38) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header *,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template header a,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header a,
body.frontiers-article-template header button,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header button {
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    fill: currentColor !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header a:hover {
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-right,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-left {
    top: 68px;
    transition: top .22s ease;
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .fr-sidebar-right,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .fr-sidebar-left {
    top: 56px;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 {
    scroll-margin-top: 72px;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.4.0: immediate scroll indicators, reliable fixed header,
   Shortcodes Ultimate tooltip compatibility, TOC autoscroll polish
   ========================================================================== */

/* Less stark text in the bluish dark mode. */
html[data-theme="dark-1"] {
    --fr-text: #dbe3ee;
}

/* Progress bar: update via transform, not width, for smoother non-laggy scroll. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-bar {
    top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px);
    height: 3px;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-fill {
    width: 100% !important;
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left center;
    transition: none !important;
    will-change: transform;
}

/* Do not style plugin tooltip triggers/icons globally. Shortcodes Ultimate often
   uses data attributes and icon spans inside content; our tooltip system is now
   limited in JS, and these rules undo the old generic CSS damage in article text. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [data-tooltip]:not(.fr-pdf-btn):not(.fr-align-btn),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip * {
    cursor: revert !important;
    text-decoration: revert !important;
    text-underline-offset: revert !important;
    border-bottom: revert !important;
    box-shadow: revert !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class^="su-"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class*=" su-"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class^="su-"] *,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class*=" su-"] * {
    font-family: revert !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn[data-tooltip] {
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    border-bottom: none !important;
}

/* Reliable header: use fixed positioning because Elementor/parent wrappers often
   break position: sticky with overflow/transform. Visually it behaves as the
   requested sticky compact header. */
body.frontiers-article-template {
    --fr-header-height: 56px;
    --fr-fixed-header-offset: 0px;
    padding-top: var(--fr-header-height) !important;
}
body.admin-bar.frontiers-article-template {
    --fr-fixed-header-offset: 32px;
}
@media (max-width: 782px) {
    body.admin-bar.frontiers-article-template {
        --fr-fixed-header-offset: 46px;
    }
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
    --fr-header-height: 44px;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header {
    position: fixed !important;
    top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) !important;
    right: 0 !important;
    left: 0 !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    height: var(--fr-header-height) !important;
    min-height: var(--fr-header-height) !important;
    max-height: var(--fr-header-height) !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    background-color: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    z-index: 100000 !important;
    transform: translateZ(0);
    transition: height .16s ease, min-height .16s ease, max-height .16s ease, box-shadow .16s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, .36) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap {
    background: transparent !important;
    background-color: transparent !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    height: 100% !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header *,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template header a,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header a,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header a,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header a {
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header svg,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header svg,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header svg,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header svg {
    fill: currentColor !important;
    stroke: currentColor;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header img,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header img,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header img,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    max-height: calc(var(--fr-header-height) - 10px) !important;
    width: auto !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-right,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-left {
    top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) + var(--fr-header-height) + 12px) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 {
    scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) + var(--fr-header-height) + 22px) !important;
}



/* Keep progress indicator visible above the fixed header. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-bar {
    z-index: 100002 !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.5.0: careful sticky header, SU icons, custom tooltips,
   settings collapse, mobile drawer rebuild
   ========================================================================== */

/* Optional lighter Bidad weight for the article body. Put these files beside the
   other Bidad files if your purchased package includes them. */
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Bidad';
    src: url('fonts/Bidad-Light.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/Bidad-Light.woff') format('woff');
    font-weight: 300;
    font-style: normal;
    font-display: swap;
}

/* Lighter article body. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span:not(.fr-label):not(.fr-inline-tooltip),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body div {
    font-weight: 300 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b {
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}

/* Header: undo the previous fixed-header experiment. Keep the header in normal
   document flow at first, then sticky at the top; compact only after scroll. */
body.frontiers-article-template {
    --fr-header-normal: 72px;
    --fr-header-compact: 52px;
    --fr-header-current: var(--fr-header-normal);
    --fr-fixed-header-offset: 0px;
    padding-top: 0 !important;
}
body.admin-bar.frontiers-article-template {
    --fr-fixed-header-offset: 32px;
}
@media (max-width: 782px) {
    body.admin-bar.frontiers-article-template { --fr-fixed-header-offset: 46px; }
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
    --fr-header-current: var(--fr-header-compact);
}
body.frontiers-article-template header,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header {
    position: sticky !important;
    top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) !important;
    right: auto !important;
    left: auto !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    height: var(--fr-header-current) !important;
    min-height: var(--fr-header-current) !important;
    max-height: var(--fr-header-current) !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    background-color: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    transform: none !important;
    z-index: 10000 !important;
    transition: height .18s ease, min-height .18s ease, max-height .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, background-color .18s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, .34) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
    background: transparent !important;
    background-color: transparent !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header *,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header *,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header * {
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header a:hover {
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header img,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header img,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header img,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
    max-height: calc(var(--fr-header-current) - 14px) !important;
    width: auto !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-right,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-left {
    top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) + var(--fr-header-current) + 16px) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-bar {
    top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) !important;
    z-index: 10002 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 {
    scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset) + var(--fr-header-current) + 22px) !important;
}

/* Shortcodes Ultimate icon protection. The earlier broad article font rule can
   break icon fonts and cause the “No Glyph” box. These selectors restore common
   SU / Font Awesome icon families only for icon elements. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .sui,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class^="sui-"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body [class*=" sui-"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-icon,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip .su-icon,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body i[class^="fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body i[class*=" fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span[class^="fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span[class*=" fa"] {
    font-family: 'sui', 'Font Awesome 6 Free', 'Font Awesome 5 Free', 'FontAwesome' !important;
    font-weight: 900 !important;
    font-style: normal !important;
    line-height: 1 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip span:not([class*="sui"]):not([class*="fa"]),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip a {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}

/* Modern inline tooltip introduced by [متن][[tooltip]]. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .25em;
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    cursor: help;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 55%, transparent) !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip::after {
    content: '؟';
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 1.05em;
    height: 1.05em;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: .72em;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--fr-bg);
    background: var(--fr-accent);
    transform: translateY(-.06em);
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 72%, transparent);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(15, 23, 42, .16);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(0,0,0,.36);
}


/* Mobile: tabbed left-bottom launcher -> polished sheet with TOC / PDF / settings. */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-fab {
        left: 18px !important;
        bottom: 18px !important;
        width: 58px !important;
        height: 58px !important;
        background: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        color: var(--fr-bg) !important;
        box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(15,23,42,.22) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-overlay {
        background: rgba(15,23,42,.48) !important;
        backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
        -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet {
        left: 10px !important;
        right: 10px !important;
        bottom: 10px !important;
        max-height: min(82vh, 720px) !important;
        border-radius: 26px !important;
        background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
        border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
        box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.28) !important;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-header {
        padding: 1rem 1rem .65rem !important;
        border-bottom: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-title {
        font-weight: 600;
        color: var(--fr-text);
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-tabs {
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
        gap: .35rem !important;
        padding: 0 1rem .85rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tab-btn {
        border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        padding: .62rem .4rem !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 65%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tab-btn.active {
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 13%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 35%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-content {
        padding: 1rem !important;
        min-height: 42vh;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template #fr-tab-toc .fr-toc-nav {
        max-height: 58vh;
        overflow-y: auto;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn-mobile {
        margin: 0 !important;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-mobile-empty {
        color: var(--fr-muted);
        text-align: center;
        margin: 2rem 0;
    }
}

/* Do not hide parts of the real site header. Earlier cleanup rules were too
   aggressive for Elementor headers with multiple columns/sections. */
body.frontiers-article-template header > div.elementor-container > div:nth-child(n+2) {
    display: flex !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header section:nth-child(n+2),
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header section:nth-child(n+2) {
    display: block !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.6.0: stable header, desktop header layout, tooltip polish,
   progress direction, PDF color, mobile rescue
   ========================================================================== */

/* Header: one consistent sticky height; no smaller scrolled state. */
body.frontiers-article-template,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
    --fr-header-normal: 60px;
    --fr-header-compact: 60px;
    --fr-header-current: 60px;
    padding-top: 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header,
body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
    position: sticky !important;
    top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) !important;
    height: 60px !important;
    min-height: 60px !important;
    max-height: 60px !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15, 23, 42, .08) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.28) !important;
}

/* Desktop header layout: menu centered; logo/search kept nearby at sides. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: min(1180px, calc(100vw - 48px)) !important;
        max-width: min(1180px, calc(100vw - 48px)) !important;
        margin-inline: auto !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 1.6rem !important;
        height: 60px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
        align-items: center !important;
        align-content: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        height: 60px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"] {
        width: 360px !important;
        min-width: 320px !important;
        max-width: 420px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"] {
        min-width: 300px !important;
    }
}

/* Logo: align with the menu row, slightly smaller, and invert on light themes
   because the source logo is white. */
body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo a,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo a {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    line-height: 1 !important;
    transform: translateY(2px);
}
body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo,
body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link img,
body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link img,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img {
    max-height: 38px !important;
    width: auto !important;
    object-fit: contain !important;
}
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img {
    filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) contrast(1.08) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
    filter: none !important;
}

/* Progress should fill from right to left in the RTL reading experience. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-fill {
    transform-origin: right center !important;
}

/* Custom tooltip trigger: keep only the subtle underline; remove inline icon. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip {
    border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 58%, transparent) !important;
    padding-bottom: .03em;
}

/* More polished tooltip bubble. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 88%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    padding: .7rem .85rem !important;
    line-height: 1.75 !important;
    font-size: .88rem !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(15,23,42,.18) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.42) !important;
}

/* Backward compatibility: make Shortcodes Ultimate / tooltipster / qTip popups
   visually match our modern tooltip as much as possible. */
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip {
    border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 58%, transparent) !important;
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    cursor: help !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .su-qtip,
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip,
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip-default,
body.frontiers-article-template .tooltipster-base,
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltipster,
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltip-content {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 88%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(15,23,42,.18) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    line-height: 1.75 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .tooltipster-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltip-content {
    padding: .7rem .85rem !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-size: .88rem !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}

/* Settings glyph: SVG control icon, not a language-specific Aa. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-glyph svg {
    width: 21px;
    height: 21px;
}


/* Mobile rescue: prevent halved header / zoomed-out layout and make the tool
   launcher unmistakably available. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    html, body {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        overflow-x: hidden !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template {
        --fr-header-current: auto;
        --fr-header-normal: auto;
        --fr-header-compact: auto;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        height: auto !important;
        min-height: 58px !important;
        max-height: none !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
        padding: .35rem .75rem !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        position: sticky !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
        min-height: 48px !important;
        height: auto !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        align-content: center !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 34px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-layout-container {
        display: block !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        margin: 1rem auto !important;
        padding: 0 1rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-main-content,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        font-size: 1.7rem !important;
        line-height: 1.45 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body {
        font-size: 17px !important;
        line-height: 1.95 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-info-card {
        padding: 1rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-fab.hidden-desktop,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-fab {
        display: flex !important;
        position: fixed !important;
        left: 16px !important;
        bottom: 16px !important;
        z-index: 100000 !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        pointer-events: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet {
        z-index: 100001 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-overlay {
        z-index: 100000 !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.7.0: revert SU tooltip restyling, front-matter PDF fix,
   mobile scroll isolation, minimal controls, header alignment
   ========================================================================== */

/* Revert the attempt to restyle old Shortcodes Ultimate tooltip popups. Let the
   plugin own its legacy tooltip bubble again. */
body.frontiers-article-template .su-qtip,
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip,
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip-default,
body.frontiers-article-template .tooltipster-base,
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltipster,
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltip-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .qtip-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .tooltipster-content {
    background: revert !important;
    color: revert !important;
    border: revert !important;
    border-radius: revert !important;
    box-shadow: revert !important;
    font-family: revert !important;
    line-height: revert !important;
    padding: revert !important;
    font-size: revert !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .su-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .su-tooltip {
    color: inherit !important;
    border-bottom: revert !important;
}

/* New tooltip words: accent color + subtle underline, never bold. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    font-weight: 300 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 62%, transparent) !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity .10s ease, transform .10s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip.visible {
    opacity: 1;
}



/* Mobile header: clean app-bar style. Logo + hamburger are centered vertically;
   the search form is hidden to avoid the broken/halved header layout on phones. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 66px;
        --fr-header-normal: 66px;
        --fr-header-compact: 66px;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        min-height: 66px !important;
        height: 66px !important;
        max-height: 66px !important;
        padding: 10px 14px !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 46px !important;
        min-height: 46px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-flow: row nowrap !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        gap: .75rem !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
        width: auto !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        flex: 0 1 auto !important;
        height: 46px !important;
        min-height: 46px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        display: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 36px !important;
        width: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        width: 42px !important;
        height: 42px !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        z-index: 100004 !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 66px) !important;
        right: 12px !important;
        left: 12px !important;
        width: auto !important;
        max-height: calc(100vh - var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) - 82px) !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
        border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
        box-shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(0,0,0,.26) !important;
        padding: .65rem !important;
        z-index: 100003 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        padding: .85rem 1rem !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
        text-align: right !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-menu {
        transition: max-height .18s ease, opacity .18s ease !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        -webkit-user-select: none !important;
        user-select: none !important;
        -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 1.9.0: horizontal centered desktop header + mobile search and
   slide-in hamburger drawer
   ========================================================================== */

/* Desktop header: keep the inner items in one horizontal row. The *whole group*
   (logo + menu + search) is centered; no vertical/absolute stacking. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        position: relative !important;
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: calc(100vw - 64px) !important;
        margin-inline: auto !important;
        height: 62px !important;
        min-height: 62px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 1.15rem !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        position: static !important;
        inset: auto !important;
        transform: none !important;
        z-index: auto !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        width: auto !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        max-width: none !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu {
        gap: .15rem !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        width: clamp(300px, 25vw, 420px) !important;
        flex: 0 0 clamp(300px, 25vw, 420px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"] {
        width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        height: 40px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 42px !important;
    }
}

/* Mobile header: two-row polished app bar. Top row has a larger logo and a
   hamburger with breathing room; second row keeps a usable search bar. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 132px;
        --fr-header-normal: 132px;
        --fr-header-compact: 132px;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        height: 132px !important;
        min-height: 132px !important;
        max-height: 132px !important;
        padding: 12px 18px 14px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 106px !important;
        min-height: 106px !important;
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr 56px !important;
        grid-template-rows: 62px 40px !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-items: center !important;
        gap: 4px 10px !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget {
        width: auto !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        height: auto !important;
        min-height: 0 !important;
        display: contents !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 2 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 64px !important;
        width: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        width: 46px !important;
        height: 46px !important;
        border-radius: 15px !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        position: static !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        z-index: 100006 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        grid-column: 1 / -1 !important;
        grid-row: 2 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        width: min(100%, 420px) !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        height: 40px !important;
        margin: 0 auto !important;
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"] {
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 40px !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
    }

    /* Slide-in hamburger menu/drawer. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: 0 !important;
        bottom: 0 !important;
        right: 0 !important;
        left: auto !important;
        width: min(86vw, 380px) !important;
        height: 100vh !important;
        max-height: 100vh !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
        border-radius: 28px 0 0 28px !important;
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
        border-right: 0 !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 94%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
        box-shadow: -24px 0 70px rgba(0,0,0,.28) !important;
        padding: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 22px) 14px 22px !important;
        z-index: 100005 !important;
        animation: frDrawerSlideIn .22s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1) both;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown::before {
        content: 'منو';
        display: block;
        color: var(--fr-text);
        font-weight: 600;
        font-size: 1.05rem;
        padding: .25rem .6rem 1rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
        margin-bottom: .55rem;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        min-height: 44px !important;
        padding: .85rem .9rem !important;
        margin: .16rem 0 !important;
        border-radius: 14px !important;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        text-align: right !important;
        transition: background-color .16s ease, color .16s ease !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover {
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .sub-menu {
        margin: .1rem .65rem .35rem 0 !important;
        padding-right: .55rem !important;
        border-right: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    }
}

@keyframes frDrawerSlideIn {
    from { transform: translateX(105%); opacity: .7; }
    to { transform: translateX(0); opacity: 1; }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.0.0: final desktop centering + robust mobile drawer defaults
   ========================================================================== */

/* DESKTOP HEADER — true centered horizontal group. Elementor columns often keep
   percentage widths; these rules neutralize that so logo + menu + search become
   one centered row instead of three stretched columns. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: calc(100vw - 64px) !important;
        margin-left: auto !important;
        margin-right: auto !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 1.15rem !important;
        flex: 0 0 auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: none !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        flex: 0 0 auto !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 1.15rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget {
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: none !important;
        flex: 0 0 auto !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-nav-menu {
        order: 2 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        order: 1 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form {
        order: 3 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        width: 360px !important;
        max-width: 28vw !important;
        flex: 0 0 min(360px, 28vw) !important;
    }
}

/* MOBILE DRAWER CLOSED STATE — the previous drawer CSS styled the dropdown even
   while Elementor considered it closed. Hide it by default and show it only when
   the hamburger/toggle is active. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        transform: translateX(108%) !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
        visibility: hidden !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
        transition: transform .24s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .18s ease, visibility 0s linear .24s !important;
        animation: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"] {
        transform: translateX(0) !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        pointer-events: auto !important;
        transition: transform .24s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .18s ease !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        justify-self: end !important;
        margin-inline-end: 6px !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer {
        position: fixed;
        inset: 0 auto 0 0;
        right: 0;
        width: min(86vw, 380px);
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 94%, var(--fr-bg));
        border-radius: 28px 0 0 28px;
        box-shadow: -24px 0 70px rgba(0,0,0,.28);
        z-index: 100007;
        transform: translateX(105%);
        transition: transform .22s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
        padding: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 18px) 14px 22px;
        overflow-y: auto;
        overscroll-behavior: contain;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer.active { transform: translateX(0); }
    .fr-submenu-back {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: .45rem;
        width: 100%;
        border: 0;
        background: transparent;
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        padding: .85rem .65rem 1rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
        margin-bottom: .55rem;
        font: inherit;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer a {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        min-height: 44px;
        padding: .85rem .9rem;
        margin: .16rem 0;
        border-radius: 14px;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        text-decoration: none !important;
    }
    .fr-has-submenu-indicator::after {
        content: '‹';
        opacity: .75;
        color: var(--fr-muted);
        font-size: 1.2em;
        margin-inline-start: .5rem;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.1.0: mobile tap-selection fix, icon-only submenu back,
   no edge shadow, revised mobile header placement, desktop search alignment
   ========================================================================== */

/* Desktop search: keep it exactly on the same vertical axis as the menu. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        align-self: center !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        margin-block: 0 !important;
        padding-block: 0 !important;
        line-height: 1 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        margin: 0 !important;
        line-height: 40px !important;
        display: block !important;
        transform: translateY(0) !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* Stop the strange instant word-selection behaviour on touch devices. */
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body *:not(input):not(textarea) {
        -webkit-user-select: none !important;
        user-select: none !important;
        -webkit-touch-callout: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template input,
    body.frontiers-article-template textarea {
        -webkit-user-select: text !important;
        user-select: text !important;
    }

    /* Mobile header placement: hamburger on the opposite side, logo where the
       hamburger was, compact search between them. */
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 78px;
        --fr-header-normal: 78px;
        --fr-header-compact: 78px;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        height: 78px !important;
        min-height: 78px !important;
        max-height: 78px !important;
        padding: 10px 14px !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 58px !important;
        min-height: 58px !important;
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(120px, 1fr) 72px !important;
        grid-template-rows: 58px !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-items: center !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        width: 44px !important;
        height: 44px !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        border-radius: 14px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 58px !important;
        width: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        grid-column: 2 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 210px !important;
        height: 38px !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        position: relative !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"]::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"]::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form::before {
        content: '⌕';
        position: absolute;
        right: 13px;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%);
        color: var(--fr-muted);
        z-index: 2;
        pointer-events: none;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 38px !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        padding-right: 2.1rem !important;
        padding-left: .8rem !important;
        font-size: 0 !important;
        line-height: 38px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"]::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"]::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input::placeholder {
        color: transparent !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"]:focus,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"]:focus,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input:focus,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input:focus {
        font-size: .9rem !important;
    }

    /* Drawer now slides from the hamburger side (left). Remove edge shadows. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        left: 0 !important;
        right: auto !important;
        border-radius: 0 28px 28px 0 !important;
        border-left: 0 !important;
        border-right: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        transform: translateX(-108%) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"] {
        transform: translateX(0) !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer {
        left: 0 !important;
        right: auto !important;
        border-radius: 0 28px 28px 0 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        transform: translateX(-105%) !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer.active { transform: translateX(0) !important; }
    .fr-submenu-back {
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
        gap: .7rem !important;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back svg {
        width: 24px;
        height: 24px;
        flex: 0 0 auto;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back strong {
        font-weight: 500;
        color: var(--fr-text);
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.2.0: restore normal selection, return mobile header/drawer side,
   clearer submenu back icon, desktop search vertical correction
   ========================================================================== */

/* Normal text selection must remain possible. The old issue was accidental touch
   selection; do not solve it by disabling selection globally. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body *:not(input):not(textarea),
    body.frontiers-article-template p,
    body.frontiers-article-template span,
    body.frontiers-article-template li,
    body.frontiers-article-template a {
        -webkit-user-select: text !important;
        user-select: text !important;
        -webkit-touch-callout: default !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-mobile-submenu-layer,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-mobile-submenu-layer * {
        -webkit-user-select: none !important;
        user-select: none !important;
        -webkit-touch-callout: none !important;
    }
}

/* Desktop search is still visually low in some Elementor search widgets: nudge
   the whole search control, including button/input wrappers, onto the menu axis. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        transform: translateY(-4px) !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        margin-top: 0 !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form *,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form * {
        vertical-align: middle !important;
    }
}

/* Mobile header placement: hamburger back to the right, logo to the fully
   opposite side, compact search in the middle with the original placeholder. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(120px, 1fr) 52px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form {
        grid-column: 2 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        font-size: .86rem !important;
        padding-right: 2.05rem !important;
        padding-left: .75rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"]::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"]::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input::placeholder,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input::placeholder {
        color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
        opacity: .85 !important;
    }

    /* Drawer returns to the original side: right edge, opening/closing from right. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        right: 0 !important;
        left: auto !important;
        border-radius: 28px 0 0 28px !important;
        border-right: 0 !important;
        border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        transform: translateX(108%) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-mobile-menu-open .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle.elementor-active ~ .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown[aria-hidden="false"] {
        transform: translateX(0) !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer {
        right: 0 !important;
        left: auto !important;
        border-radius: 28px 0 0 28px !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        transform: translateX(105%) !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer.active {
        transform: translateX(0) !important;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back {
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
        gap: .75rem !important;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back .fr-back-icon {
        width: 28px !important;
        height: 28px !important;
        padding: .25rem;
        border-radius: 999px;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 11%, transparent);
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        box-sizing: content-box;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.3.0: mobile header swap + single search icon + vertical align
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* Swap positions: logo to the hamburger's previous side, hamburger to the
       opposite side. Search remains between them. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
    }

    /* Remove the extra search icon I added; keep the theme/Elementor search icon. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"]::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"]::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form::before {
        content: none !important;
        display: none !important;
    }

    /* Vertically align search with logo and hamburger. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        align-self: center !important;
        justify-self: stretch !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        height: 40px !important;
        min-height: 40px !important;
        margin-top: 0 !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
        transform: translateY(2px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        height: 40px !important;
        line-height: 40px !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding-top: 0 !important;
        padding-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.4.0: integrated menu navigation + refined mobile search/back
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* The submenu is now inside the same drawer, not a separate overlaid drawer.
       It covers the drawer content and slides as a panel within the same layer. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        overflow: hidden !important;
        position: fixed !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown > ul,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown > ul,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown > .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown > .elementor-nav-menu {
        max-height: calc(100vh - var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) - 44px) !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer {
        position: absolute !important;
        inset: 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 100% !important;
        max-height: none !important;
        border: 0 !important;
        border-radius: inherit !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 96%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
        padding: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 18px) 14px 22px !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
        transform: translateX(102%) !important;
        transition: transform .22s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1) !important;
        z-index: 5 !important;
    }
    .fr-mobile-submenu-layer.active {
        transform: translateX(0) !important;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back {
        position: sticky;
        top: 0;
        z-index: 2;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 96%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
        gap: .75rem !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        border: 0 !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        padding: .65rem .35rem .9rem !important;
        margin: 0 0 .55rem !important;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back .fr-back-icon {
        width: 30px !important;
        height: 30px !important;
        padding: .3rem !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 12%, transparent) !important;
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        box-sizing: content-box !important;
    }
    .fr-submenu-back strong {
        font-weight: 500 !important;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    }

    /* Mobile search should feel native to the theme: soft surface, subtle border,
       no duplicate pseudo icon, and vertically centered. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        height: 38px !important;
        min-height: 38px !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        transform: translateY(2px) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 62%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 78%, transparent) !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        overflow: hidden !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        background: transparent !important;
        border: 0 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        height: 38px !important;
        line-height: 38px !important;
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__submit,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__submit,
    body.frontiers-article-template header button[type="submit"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header button[type="submit"] {
        background: transparent !important;
        color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
        border: 0 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.5.0: Sahel default, mobile search shape, menu color,
   submenu close-button cleanup, flipped back icon, OLED accent
   ========================================================================== */

/* Last/OLED dark theme: give the accent a very subtle warm brown/orange tint so
   links and tooltip words are distinguishable from normal near-white text. */
html[data-theme="dark-2"] {
    --fr-accent: #d9a76f;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* Keep the blended search styling, but restore a more rectangular modern
       shape instead of the fully pill-shaped border. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        border-radius: 12px !important;
    }

    /* Default light mode hamburger color should be neutral, not purple/accent. */
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-text) 6%, transparent) !important;
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-text) 10%, transparent) !important;
    }
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle *,
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle *,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle *,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle * {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        fill: currentColor !important;
        stroke: currentColor !important;
    }

    /* When navigating inside a submenu layer, hide Elementor's X/close toggle so
       it does not sit over the submenu back control. */
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-submenu-active header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-submenu-active .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        opacity: 0 !important;
        visibility: hidden !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
    }

    /* Flip the curved return icon vertically and keep it slimmer/cleaner. */
    .fr-submenu-back .fr-back-icon {
        transform: scaleY(-1) !important;
        stroke-width: 1.75 !important;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.6.0: mobile search border/header size/sticky, subtler OLED
   accent, smaller hamburger icon, mobile tooltip toggle support
   ========================================================================== */
html[data-theme="dark-2"] {
    --fr-accent: #c8b79d;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 62px;
        --fr-header-normal: 62px;
        --fr-header-compact: 62px;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        position: sticky !important;
        top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) !important;
        height: 62px !important;
        min-height: 62px !important;
        max-height: 62px !important;
        padding: 7px 14px !important;
        z-index: 10000 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        height: 48px !important;
        min-height: 48px !important;
        grid-template-rows: 48px !important;
    }

    /* Remove the double-border: the outer search shell keeps the only border;
       inner Elementor/input wrappers are borderless. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form {
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 78%, transparent) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 62%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        border: 0 !important;
        outline: 0 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        background: transparent !important;
    }

    /* 15% smaller hamburger icon, while preserving the tappable button. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle:before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle:before {
        transform: scale(.85) !important;
        transform-origin: center !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.7.0: smaller hamburger, reliable mobile sticky/fixed header,
   hide inactive mobile sheet completely
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* Another 15% smaller than the previous 85% => about 72%. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle:before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle:before {
        transform: scale(.72) !important;
        transform-origin: center !important;
    }

    /* Reliable mobile stickiness: fixed positioning avoids Elementor ancestor
       overflow/transform issues that can break position: sticky on phones. */
    body.frontiers-article-template {
        padding-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 62px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) !important;
        right: 0 !important;
        left: 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 62px !important;
        min-height: 62px !important;
        max-height: 62px !important;
        z-index: 100000 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-bar {
        top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 62px) !important;
    }

    /* Hidden mobile reading-tools sheet was leaving a visible sliver at the page
       bottom on some browsers. Make the inactive state truly non-rendered. */
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet:not(.active),
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-overlay:not(.active) {
        display: none !important;
        visibility: hidden !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet.active {
        display: flex !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        transform: translateY(0) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-overlay.active {
        display: block !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        pointer-events: auto !important;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 2.8.0: smaller hamburger, Sahel-first UI, ragged headings,
   modern article title
   ========================================================================== */

/* Article headings should never inherit justified alignment. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 {
    text-align: right !important;
    text-align-last: auto !important;
    text-wrap: balance;
    hyphens: none;
}

/* Modern, elegant page title treatment. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    margin: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2.6rem) 0 clamp(1.2rem, 2.5vw, 2rem) !important;
    padding: clamp(1rem, 2.4vw, 1.45rem) clamp(1rem, 2.6vw, 1.6rem) clamp(1rem, 2.4vw, 1.45rem) clamp(1rem, 2.6vw, 1.6rem) !important;
    border-radius: 26px;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.2vw, 4.15rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.35 !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 15%, transparent), transparent 34%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 78%, var(--fr-bg)), var(--fr-bg));
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(15, 23, 42, .065);
    overflow: hidden;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 18%;
    right: 0;
    width: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px 0 0 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 35%, transparent), var(--fr-accent), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 35%, transparent));
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: -60px;
    bottom: -70px;
    width: 180px;
    height: 180px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 7%, transparent);
    pointer-events: none;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    box-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 13%, transparent), transparent 34%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 80%, var(--fr-bg)), var(--fr-bg));
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    /* 20% smaller than previous .72 scale => .576. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle:before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle:before {
        transform: scale(.576) !important;
        transform-origin: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        border-radius: 20px;
        font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 8vw, 2.65rem) !important;
        line-height: 1.45 !important;
        margin-top: 1rem !important;
        padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.05rem !important;
        box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(15,23,42,.06);
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
        width: 4px;
        inset-block: 20%;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.1.0: symmetric desktop header grid, tighter heading-to-text
   spacing, mobile hamburger/search-icon visual match
   ========================================================================== */

/* Desktop header: symmetric 3-column grid.
   Column 1 = logo, Column 2 = menu exactly centered, Column 3 = search.
   Intermediate Elementor flex columns/wrappers are flattened so Elementor's
   injected flex-start / auto-margin rules cannot pull the menu off-center. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: min(1180px, calc(100vw - 48px)) !important;
        max-width: min(1180px, calc(100vw - 48px)) !important;
        margin-inline: auto !important;
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 1fr) auto minmax(220px, 1fr) !important;
        column-gap: clamp(1rem, 2.2vw, 2rem) !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-items: stretch !important;
        height: 62px !important;
        min-height: 62px !important;
        position: relative !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap {
        display: contents !important;
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: none !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        flex: none !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget {
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: none !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        flex: none !important;
        align-self: center !important;
    }

    /* Logo sits in the left column, close to the centered menu. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        justify-self: end !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: flex-end !important;
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
        order: initial !important;
    }

    /* Menu is mathematically centered in the middle grid column. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header nav,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu {
        grid-column: 2 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
        inset: auto !important;
        order: initial !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }

    /* Search sits in the right column. Auto margins from Elementor are reset. */
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        justify-self: start !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        width: clamp(300px, 26vw, 390px) !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        margin-inline: 0 !important;
        position: static !important;
        transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
        order: initial !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
}

/* Reduce vertical space between headings and the paragraph/content immediately
   following them by roughly 40%. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 {
    margin-bottom: .6em !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + ol {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Mobile hamburger icon: fine tune down so its visible height matches the search
   icon. The button/tap target remains unchanged. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle i,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle svg,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle:before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle:before {
        transform: scale(.66) !important;
        transform-origin: center !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.2.0: restore shorter desktop search width + natural heading wrap
   ========================================================================== */

/* Desktop search: shorten it back from the wider symmetric-grid version. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        width: 260px !important;
        flex-basis: 260px !important;
        max-width: 260px !important;
    }
}

/* Prevent unnecessary heading line breaks. The previous balanced wrapping can
   force Persian headings to break even when there is enough room. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 {
    text-wrap: normal !important;
    overflow-wrap: normal !important;
    word-break: normal !important;
    white-space: normal !important;
    hyphens: none !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.3.0: rich text formatting, shaded info boxes, TOC wheel lock,
   polished desktop menu, and coherent size control
   ========================================================================== */

/* Restore visible rich-text formatting inside article content. Earlier weight
   normalisation made bold/strong visually indistinguishable. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip b {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body em,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body i,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip em,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip i {
    font-style: italic !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body mark {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 18%, transparent) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-radius: .28em;
    padding: .05em .22em;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body u,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body ins {
    text-decoration: underline !important;
    text-decoration-thickness: .08em !important;
    text-underline-offset: .18em !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body del,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body s {
    text-decoration: line-through !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body code,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body kbd {
    direction: ltr;
    unicode-bidi: isolate;
    font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace !important;
    font-size: .88em;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 82%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: .4em;
    padding: .08em .35em;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body blockquote {
    margin: 1.6rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem !important;
    border-right: 3px solid var(--fr-accent) !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 62%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}

/* Tooltip trigger may contain inline formatting; keep accent underline while
   allowing strong/em inside it to remain visually meaningful. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip {
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    font-weight: inherit !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip b {
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}

/* <shaded> ... </shaded> information box. Supports multiple paragraphs. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1.15rem 1.35rem 1.15rem 1.2rem !important;
    border-radius: 20px;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 24%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
    background:
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 9%, var(--fr-surface)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 74%, var(--fr-bg))) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(15, 23, 42, .055);
    overflow: hidden;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 1rem;
    right: 0;
    width: 4px;
    border-radius: 999px 0 0 999px;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 78%, var(--fr-text));
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box p:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(0,0,0,.22);
    background:
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 8%, var(--fr-surface)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 78%, var(--fr-bg))) !important;
}

/* TOC scroll isolation for desktop. CSS supports it; JS prevents wheel bubbling
   for older browsers/edge cases. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area {
    overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Desktop menu redesign: neutral, modern, and theme-consistent; remove legacy
   green hover/active styles and polish dropdowns without creating duplicate menus. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu > li > a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu > li > a {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        background: transparent !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        padding: .55rem .82rem !important;
        transition: background-color .16s ease, color .16s ease !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.highlighted,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.highlighted {
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 9%, transparent) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-menu {
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 96%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 82%, transparent) !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.14) !important;
        padding: .55rem !important;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-menu,
    html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-menu {
        box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.34) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-menu a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-menu a {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        background: transparent !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
        padding: .72rem .85rem !important;
        border: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-menu a:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-menu a:hover {
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.4.0: no duplicate desktop menu, normal TOC scroll, refined
   scrollbar, TOC padding/font, size-label/controls consistency
   ========================================================================== */

/* Elementor outputs a separate mobile dropdown menu. On desktop, hide that
   dropdown copy completely to avoid the doubled menu; keep real desktop submenus. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        display: none !important;
        visibility: hidden !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu {
        display: block;
    }
}

/* Ensure rich text formatting keeps winning over older normalization rules. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span b {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body em,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body i {
    font-style: italic !important;
}

/* Font-size control, now with swapped +/- placement, remains visually aligned
   with the other settings controls. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper {
    direction: ltr;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper #fr-size-display {
    direction: rtl;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.5.0: desktop menu repair, native TOC scroll, TOC spacer,
   more elegant shaded boxes, heavier TOC, corrected font-size control order
   ========================================================================== */

/* Desktop menu repair/polish. Do not create or reveal the mobile duplicate, but
   do allow the real desktop submenu to work cleanly. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle + .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle + .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown {
        display: none !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-nav-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-nav-menu {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: .25rem !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item::after,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item::before,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item::after {
        background: transparent !important;
        border: 0 !important;
        height: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main > ul > li > a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main > ul > li > a,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        background: transparent !important;
        border-radius: 999px !important;
        padding: .58rem .86rem !important;
        line-height: 1.35 !important;
        transition: background-color .14s ease, color .14s ease, transform .14s ease !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main > ul > li:hover > a,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.highlighted,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main > ul > li:hover > a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.highlighted,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active {
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
        transform: translateY(-1px);
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu {
        display: block !important;
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        pointer-events: none;
        transform: translateY(8px);
        transition: opacity .14s ease, transform .14s ease, visibility 0s linear .14s !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 96%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
        border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 82%, transparent) !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.14) !important;
        padding: .55rem !important;
        min-width: 210px !important;
        overflow: hidden !important;
        z-index: 10050 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .sub-menu {
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        pointer-events: auto;
        transform: translateY(0);
        transition-delay: 0s !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu a,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu a {
        color: var(--fr-text) !important;
        background: transparent !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
        padding: .72rem .85rem !important;
        line-height: 1.55 !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu a:hover,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu a:hover {
        color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
    }
}

/* Shaded information box: calmer, more elegant chapter note design. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2.1rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem 1.2rem !important;
    border-radius: 22px !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 65%, var(--fr-accent)) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent), transparent 38%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 86%, var(--fr-bg)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 82%, var(--fr-surface))) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.06) !important;
    overflow: hidden;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 1.15rem;
    left: 1.15rem;
    width: auto;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 76%, var(--fr-text)), transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::after {
    content: 'i';
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem;
    left: 1rem;
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font: 600 14px/1 ui-serif, Georgia, serif;
    color: var(--fr-accent);
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent);
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 20%, var(--fr-border));
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box li {
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.26) !important;
}

body.frontiers-article-template:not(.fr-ready) .fr-layout-container,
body.frontiers-article-template:not(.fr-ready) .fr-fab,
body.frontiers-article-template:not(.fr-ready) .fr-bottom-sheet,
body.frontiers-article-template:not(.fr-ready) .fr-sheet-overlay {
    opacity: 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-ready .fr-layout-container,
body.frontiers-article-template.fr-ready .fr-fab {
    opacity: 1 !important;
}

/* Desktop submenu fix: the mobile dropdown copy stays hidden, but genuine
   desktop submenus inside .elementor-nav-menu--main must be available. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main .sub-menu {
        display: block !important;
        position: absolute !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
        visibility: hidden !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
        transform: translateY(8px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:hover > .sub-menu,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main li:focus-within > .sub-menu {
        opacity: 1 !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        pointer-events: auto !important;
        transform: translateY(0) !important;
    }
}

body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav::after {
    content: '' !important;
    display: block !important;
    flex: 0 0 2.4rem !important;
    height: 2.4rem !important;
    min-height: 2.4rem !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 3.7.0: anchor offset, mobile tooltip tap behavior/wrapping,
   no logo-corner shadow, reading time excludes footnotes, minimal shaded icon
   ========================================================================== */

/* Cross-reference/hash navigation should land below the sticky/fixed header. */
html {
    scroll-padding-top: 112px;
}
body.frontiers-article-template [id],
body.frontiers-article-template a[name] {
    scroll-margin-top: 112px !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    html { scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 74px); }
    body.frontiers-article-template [id],
    body.frontiers-article-template a[name] {
        scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 74px) !important;
    }
}

/* Remove any stray image/logo shadow/filter glow in the mobile header area. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo {
        box-shadow: none !important;
        text-shadow: none !important;
        filter: none !important;
    }
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        filter: invert(1) brightness(.9) contrast(1.15) !important;
    }
}

/* Tooltip trigger should wrap like normal text. Inline-flex caused awkward line
   consumption when a tooltip phrase wrapped onto multiple mobile lines. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    display: inline !important;
    white-space: normal !important;
    box-decoration-break: clone;
    -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone;
    line-height: inherit !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 4.0.0: remove top table scrollbar, mobile tap-selection fix,
   table sticky-row markers
   ========================================================================== */

/* Mobile: normal long-press selection is preserved, but quick taps should not
   trigger the distracting instant word selection. Avoid forced `user-select:text`
   and use manipulation/pan hints instead. */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body *:not(input):not(textarea) {
        -webkit-user-select: auto !important;
        user-select: auto !important;
        -webkit-touch-callout: default !important;
        touch-action: pan-y;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template a,
    body.frontiers-article-template button,
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-mobile-submenu-layer {
        touch-action: manipulation;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 5.0.0: no shaded icon, gray reading theme, subtler accents,
   dedicated tablet layout
   ========================================================================== */

/* 1) Shaded paragraphs: remove the icon entirely. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}

/* 2) Replace the second light theme with a calm gray reading theme — a middle
   ground between light and dark. */
html[data-theme="light-2"] {
    --fr-bg: #686b70;
    --fr-surface: #74777d;
    --fr-border: #858990;
    --fr-text: #f3f1ec;
    --fr-muted: #d1d0cc;
    --fr-accent: #d6c3a0;
    --fr-tooltip-bg: #f3f1ec;
    --fr-tooltip-text: #34363a;
    --fr-surface-rgb: 116, 119, 125;
}

/* 3) Subtler accent colors. Dark-2 keeps its warm subtle accent. */
html[data-theme="light-1"] {
    --fr-accent: #496fb0;
}
html[data-theme="dark-1"] {
    --fr-accent: #8ba6c8;
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] {
    --fr-accent: #c8b79d;
}

/* Tone down repeated inline accent marks such as footnote links and tooltip words. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body a,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 82%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 42%, transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a.active {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 88%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
}

/* 4) Dedicated tablet version: close to mobile, but with more breathing room and
   a centered reading column. */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 76px;
        --fr-header-normal: 76px;
        --fr-header-compact: 76px;
        padding-top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 76px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) !important;
        right: 0 !important;
        left: 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 76px !important;
        min-height: 76px !important;
        max-height: 76px !important;
        padding: 10px 28px !important;
        z-index: 100000 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-section > .elementor-container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-section > .elementor-container {
        width: min(100%, 920px) !important;
        height: 56px !important;
        min-height: 56px !important;
        margin-inline: auto !important;
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 88px minmax(220px, 1fr) 58px !important;
        grid-template-rows: 56px !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-items: center !important;
        gap: 16px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-column,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-wrap,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget {
        display: contents !important;
        width: auto !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        height: auto !important;
        min-height: 0 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-image,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-image {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 56px !important;
        width: auto !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header form[role="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__container,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__container {
        grid-column: 2 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        width: min(100%, 420px) !important;
        height: 42px !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header input[type="search"],
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-search-form__input,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-search-form__input {
        height: 42px !important;
        line-height: 42px !important;
        border-radius: 12px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-menu-toggle,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-menu-toggle {
        grid-column: 3 !important;
        grid-row: 1 !important;
        width: 46px !important;
        height: 46px !important;
        border-radius: 14px !important;
        justify-self: center !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }

    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-layout-container {
        display: block !important;
        width: min(100%, 900px) !important;
        max-width: 900px !important;
        margin: 1.5rem auto !important;
        padding: 0 2.25rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-main-content,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body {
        font-size: var(--fr-article-size) !important;
        line-height: 1.95 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-fab.hidden-desktop,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-fab {
        display: flex !important;
        left: 28px !important;
        bottom: 28px !important;
        z-index: 100000 !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet {
        left: 32px !important;
        right: 32px !important;
        bottom: 24px !important;
        max-height: min(78vh, 760px) !important;
        border-radius: 28px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-content {
        padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-progress-bar {
        top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 76px) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-has-x-scroll .fr-table-top-scroll {
        top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 76px + 8px) !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 5.1.0: gray-mode logo/swatch, subtler accents, menu fonts,
   instant TOC jumps, PDF contrast, subtle transitions
   ========================================================================== */

/* Gray theme logo should stay white, not inverted like the pure light theme. */
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img {
    filter: none !important;
}


/* Slightly subtler accents everywhere, including the last dark theme. */
html[data-theme="light-1"] { --fr-accent: #5575a8; }
html[data-theme="light-2"] { --fr-accent: #cdbb9b; }
html[data-theme="dark-1"] { --fr-accent: #91a8c1; }
html[data-theme="dark-2"] { --fr-accent: #b9aa92; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body a,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 74%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 34%, transparent) !important;
}

/* Desktop submenu font should match the general menu: Bidad. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main,
    body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-nav-menu--main *,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-nav-menu--main * {
        font-family: 'Bidad', 'Sahel', 'Shabnam', sans-serif !important;
    }
}

/* PDF button contrast in gray mode and last dark mode. */
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus {
    background: #5b5e63 !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid #686c72 !important;
}
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn * {
    color: #ffffff !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus {
    background: #c8c8c8 !important;
    color: #080808 !important;
    border: 1px solid #dfdfdf !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn * {
    color: #080808 !important;
}

/* TOC links should jump immediately, not perform a smooth/dragged scroll. */
html,
body,
body.frontiers-article-template,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-content {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}

/* Simple subtle fade transitions for theme/state movements, without smoothing scroll. */
body.frontiers-article-template,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-layout-container,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-info-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-select,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn {
    transition-property: opacity, background-color, color, border-color, box-shadow, transform;
    transition-duration: .16s;
    transition-timing-function: ease;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template * {
        transition-duration: .01ms !important;
        animation-duration: .01ms !important;
    }
}

/* ========================================================================== 
   REFINEMENTS 5.2.0: restore menu indicators, remove PDF tooltip, normal TOC
   smooth navigation, mobile TOC fix
   ========================================================================== */

/* Restore Elementor's own submenu indicator icon and prevent our Bidad menu-font
   rule from breaking icon glyph fonts. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-has-submenu-indicator::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-arrow,
body.frontiers-article-template header .sub-arrow *,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-arrow,
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .sub-arrow *,
body.frontiers-article-template header i[class^="eicon"],
body.frontiers-article-template header i[class*=" eicon"],
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header i[class^="eicon"],
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header i[class*=" eicon"],
body.frontiers-article-template header i[class^="fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template header i[class*=" fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header i[class^="fa"],
body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header i[class*=" fa"] {
    font-family: eicons, 'Font Awesome 5 Free', 'Font Awesome 6 Free', FontAwesome, sans-serif !important;
    font-weight: 900 !important;
}


/* Page scrolling should use the browser's normal smooth behavior for explicit
   in-page navigation, while JS sets TOC clicks to a header-aware smooth jump. */
html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sheet-content {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html { scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 5.3.0: legacy extended font lab (font faces pruned in cleanup)
   ========================================================================== */
/* Final local reader/menu fonts kept after cleanup. Put these files in /assets/fonts/ exactly as named. */
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-UltraLight.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-UltraLight.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 200; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Thin.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Thin.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 100; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Light.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Light.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Regular.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Medium.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Medium.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-DemiBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-DemiBold.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Bold.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-ExtraBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-ExtraBold.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 800; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Black.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Black.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 900; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-ExtraBlack.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-ExtraBlack.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 950; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'IRANYekanX'; src: url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Heavy.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/IRANYekanX-Heavy.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 1000; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }

@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Thin.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Thin.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 100; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-ExtraLight.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-ExtraLight.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 200; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Light.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Light.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Regular.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Medium.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Medium.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Bold.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-ExtraBold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-ExtraBold.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 800; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'BonyadeKoodak'; src: url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Black.woff2') format('woff2'), url('fonts/BonyadeKoodak-Black.woff') format('woff'); font-weight: 900; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }

/* Apply the testing controls to the reading text and TOC. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body {
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body div:not(.fr-shaded-box):not(.fr-table-wrapper):not(.fr-table-shell),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span:not(.fr-label):not(.fr-inline-tooltip),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a {
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip b {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 5.4.0: final font set, 95%-scaled base size, fixed 2.10 line-height
   ========================================================================== */
:root {}


body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body {
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body div:not(.fr-shaded-box):not(.fr-table-wrapper):not(.fr-table-shell),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body span:not(.fr-label):not(.fr-inline-tooltip),
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a {
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
}

/* Preserve actual rich formatting after the general final weight rule. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip b {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   REFINEMENTS 5.6.0: TOC rail transition, better reading-time exclusion,
   dark-mode image treatment
   ========================================================================== */

/* Dark-mode treatment for article images with white backgrounds. Best practice:
   don't invert content images; instead place them on a softened image-card and
   slightly reduce harsh white brightness in dark themes. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 14px;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 82%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: .55rem;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p > img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-block-image img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption img {
    background: #f1eee6;
    padding: .45rem;
    border-radius: 14px;
    filter: brightness(.90) contrast(.96) saturate(.96);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p > img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-block-image img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption img {
    filter: brightness(.86) contrast(.95) saturate(.94);
}



/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP 1 — canonical article presentation layer
   Scope: article typography, title, custom tooltips, shaded boxes, dark images.
   Header, TOC, tables, PHP parsing intentionally untouched.
   ========================================================================== */

/* Article body typography */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: var(--fr-article-size) !important;
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
    text-align: var(--fr-article-align) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body li {
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    line-height: 2.10 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body b,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip strong,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip b {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body em,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body i,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip em,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip i {
    font-style: italic !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body mark {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 16%, transparent) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-radius: .28em;
    padding: .04em .22em;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body u,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body ins {
    text-decoration: underline !important;
    text-decoration-thickness: .08em !important;
    text-underline-offset: .18em !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body del,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body s {
    text-decoration: line-through !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body code,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body kbd {
    direction: ltr;
    unicode-bidi: isolate;
    font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace !important;
    font-size: .88em;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 82%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: .4em;
    padding: .08em .35em;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body blockquote {
    margin: 1.6rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem !important;
    border-right: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 72%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 62%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}

/* Headings: never justified, roomier line-height, tighter follow-up spacing. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 {
    text-align: right !important;
    text-align-last: auto !important;
    text-wrap: normal !important;
    overflow-wrap: normal !important;
    word-break: normal !important;
    hyphens: none !important;
    line-height: 1.68 !important;
    margin-top: 2.15em !important;
    margin-bottom: .6em !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + p,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + div,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + ul,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h1 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h2 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h3 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h4 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h5 + ol,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body h6 + ol {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Page/article title: final centered document-heading design. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: block;
    margin: clamp(1.25rem, 2.7vw, 2.45rem) 0 clamp(1.25rem, 2.4vw, 2rem) !important;
    padding: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.5rem) clamp(1.05rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 70%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 22px !important;
    background:
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 46%, transparent), transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 88%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 28%, transparent),
        0 14px 34px rgba(15, 23, 42, .045) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.65vw, 3.7rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.58 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.022em;
    text-align: center !important;
    text-align-last: center !important;
    text-wrap: normal !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 16px;
    right: 0;
    width: 3px;
    border-radius: 999px 0 0 999px;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 78%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    z-index: 1;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 0% 100%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 5%, transparent), transparent 38%);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: -1;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 7%, transparent),
        0 14px 34px rgba(0, 0, 0, .22) !important;
    background:
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 72%, transparent), transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 84%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 7.1vw, 2.35rem) !important;
        line-height: 1.68 !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        padding: .95rem 1rem !important;
        margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem !important;
    }
}

/* Custom tooltip presentation. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-inline-tooltip {
    display: inline !important;
    white-space: normal !important;
    box-decoration-break: clone;
    -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone;
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 74%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 34%, transparent) !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    cursor: help;
    font-weight: inherit !important;
    line-height: inherit !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 100200 !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 90%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    padding: .7rem .85rem !important;
    line-height: 1.75 !important;
    font-size: .88rem !important;
    max-width: min(280px, calc(100vw - 28px));
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(15,23,42,.18) !important;
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(6px);
    transition: opacity .10s ease, transform .10s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-tooltip {
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.42) !important;
}

/* Shaded information boxes — no icon, final clean presentation. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2.1rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem 1.2rem !important;
    border-radius: 22px !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 65%, var(--fr-accent)) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 8%, transparent), transparent 38%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 86%, var(--fr-bg)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 82%, var(--fr-surface))) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.06) !important;
    overflow: hidden;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 1.15rem;
    left: 1.15rem;
    width: auto;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 60%, var(--fr-text)), transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box p:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-shaded-box {
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.26) !important;
}

/* Dark-mode image treatment: soften white-background images without inverting. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 14px;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 82%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: .55rem;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p > img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-block-image img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption img {
    background: #f1eee6;
    padding: .45rem;
    border-radius: 14px;
    filter: brightness(.90) contrast(.96) saturate(.96);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body p > img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body figure img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-block-image img,
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .wp-caption img {
    filter: brightness(.86) contrast(.95) saturate(.94);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP 2 — canonical TOC and reading-settings layer
   Scope: TOC presentation and reading settings UI only.
   Header, tables, PHP parsing, and tooltip behavior intentionally untouched.
   ========================================================================== */

/* TOC */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-title {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area {
    max-height: calc(100vh - var(--fr-header-current, 90px) - 90px) !important;
    overflow-y: auto !important;
    overscroll-behavior: contain !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    padding-left: 10px !important;
    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    scrollbar-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 24%, transparent) transparent;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 24%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    border: 1px solid transparent !important;
    background-clip: padding-box !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-scroll-area:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 38%, transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav {
    position: relative !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: .34rem !important;
    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav::after {
    content: '' !important;
    display: block !important;
    flex: 0 0 2.4rem !important;
    height: 2.4rem !important;
    min-height: 2.4rem !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-right: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    padding: .42rem .78rem .42rem .55rem !important;
    line-height: 1.55 !important;
    transition: color .16s ease, background-color .16s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a.fr-toc-h2 {
    font-size: .94rem !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-text) 88%, var(--fr-muted)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a.fr-toc-h3 {
    font-size: .84rem !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    padding-right: 1.45rem !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a.active {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 82%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 8%, transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-nav a.active { font-weight: 700 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-toc-rail {
    position: absolute !important;
    right: 0 !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    width: 2px !important;
    height: 0;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 68%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    opacity: .82 !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
    transition: transform .24s ease, height .24s ease, opacity .18s ease !important;
}

/* Reading settings */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card {
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    position: relative !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 86%, var(--fr-bg)), var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 72%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 24px !important;
    padding: 1rem !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.075) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card { box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.30) !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card * { font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-head {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    gap: .85rem !important;
    padding: .25rem .15rem .95rem !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-title {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-size: .98rem !important;
    line-height: 1.55 !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-subtitle {
    margin: .25rem 0 0 !important;
    color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
    font-size: .72rem !important;
    line-height: 1.5 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-glyph {
    flex: 0 0 auto !important;
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    width: 38px !important;
    height: 38px !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, transparent) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 18%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-glyph svg { width: 21px !important; height: 21px !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-content { display: grid !important; gap: .72rem !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card[data-collapsed="true"] .fr-settings-content,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card[data-collapsed="true"] .fr-settings-subtitle { display: none !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-setting-group {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: .82rem !important;
    border-radius: 18px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 58%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 70%, transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-setting-group label {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 0 .55rem !important;
    color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
    font-size: .72rem !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-select,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn {
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-select {
    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 40px !important;
    padding: .45rem .7rem !important;
    font-size: .9rem !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper {
    height: 40px !important;
    padding: .2rem !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    direction: rtl !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper button {
    width: 34px !important;
    min-width: 34px !important;
    height: 34px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-size: 1rem !important;
    cursor: pointer !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper button:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper button:focus-visible,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn.active {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 10%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 44%, var(--fr-border)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper #fr-btn-increase { order: 1 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper #fr-size-display { order: 2 !important; min-width: 62px !important; text-align: center !important; color: var(--fr-text) !important; font-weight: 500 !important; font-size: .86rem !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-stepper #fr-btn-decrease { order: 3 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-toggles { display: flex !important; gap: .5rem !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn {
    flex: 1 !important;
    min-height: 40px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    cursor: pointer !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-align-btn svg { width: 18px !important; height: 18px !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-theme-swatches { display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; gap: .5rem !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-swatch {
    box-sizing: border-box !important;
    flex: 0 0 30px !important;
    inline-size: 30px !important;
    block-size: 30px !important;
    width: 30px !important;
    height: 30px !important;
    min-width: 30px !important;
    min-height: 30px !important;
    max-width: 30px !important;
    max-height: 30px !important;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1 !important;
    border-radius: 50% !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    cursor: pointer !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-swatch.active {
    transform: none !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 30%, transparent) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-swatch[data-theme-val="light-2"] { background: #686b70 !important; border-color: #858990 !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-collapse {
    width: 100% !important;
    margin-top: .85rem !important;
    padding: .72rem .85rem !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    border-radius: 16px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 70%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: .45rem !important;
    cursor: pointer !important;
    font-size: .82rem !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-collapse svg { width: 17px !important; height: 17px !important; transform: rotate(180deg) !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card[data-collapsed="true"] .fr-settings-collapse svg { transform: rotate(0deg) !important; }
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card[data-collapsed="true"] .fr-collapse-open,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card[data-collapsed="false"] .fr-collapse-closed { display: none !important; }

/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP 3 — canonical theme/color tokens
   Scope: final theme variables and color behavior only.
   Header, TOC behavior, tables, PHP parsing, and JS intentionally untouched.
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
    --fr-article-font: 'Sahel', 'Bidad', sans-serif;
    --fr-article-size: 18px;
    --fr-article-align: justify;
}

html[data-theme="light-1"] {
    color-scheme: light;
    --fr-bg: #ffffff;
    --fr-surface: #f8fafc;
    --fr-border: #e2e8f0;
    --fr-text: #1e293b;
    --fr-muted: #64748b;
    --fr-accent: #5575a8;
    --fr-tooltip-bg: #1e293b;
    --fr-tooltip-text: #ffffff;
    --fr-surface-rgb: 248, 250, 252;
}

/* Gray reading mode: deliberately between light and dark. */
html[data-theme="light-2"] {
    color-scheme: dark;
    --fr-bg: #686b70;
    --fr-surface: #74777d;
    --fr-border: #858990;
    --fr-text: #f3f1ec;
    --fr-muted: #d1d0cc;
    --fr-accent: #cdbb9b;
    --fr-tooltip-bg: #f3f1ec;
    --fr-tooltip-text: #34363a;
    --fr-surface-rgb: 116, 119, 125;
}

html[data-theme="dark-1"] {
    color-scheme: dark;
    --fr-bg: #0f172a;
    --fr-surface: #1e293b;
    --fr-border: #334155;
    --fr-text: #dbe3ee;
    --fr-muted: #94a3b8;
    --fr-accent: #91a8c1;
    --fr-tooltip-bg: #eef2f7;
    --fr-tooltip-text: #0f172a;
    --fr-surface-rgb: 30, 41, 59;
}

html[data-theme="dark-2"] {
    color-scheme: dark;
    --fr-bg: #000000;
    --fr-surface: #111111;
    --fr-border: #222222;
    --fr-text: #e5e5e5;
    --fr-muted: #888888;
    --fr-accent: #b9aa92;
    --fr-tooltip-bg: #e5e5e5;
    --fr-tooltip-text: #000000;
    --fr-surface-rgb: 17, 17, 17;
}

/* General color application: kept intentionally broad but low-concept. More
   specific component styles still define their own layout/spacing elsewhere. */
html[data-theme] body.frontiers-article-template {
    background-color: var(--fr-bg) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-info-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-settings-card,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-bottom-sheet {
    background-color: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    border-color: var(--fr-border) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-muted,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-label,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-setting-group label {
    color: var(--fr-muted) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template a,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-inline-tooltip {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 74%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
}

/* Final PDF button colors by theme. */
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    background: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
}
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    background: #5b5e63 !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    border-color: #686c72 !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    background: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    background: #c8c8c8 !important;
    color: #080808 !important;
    border-color: #dfdfdf !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn * {
    text-decoration: none !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP 4 — remove obsolete top horizontal table scrollbar UI
   Scope: table top-scrollbar remnants only. Drag-to-scroll remains canonical.
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-top-scroll,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-top-scroll-inner,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-has-x-scroll .fr-table-top-scroll {
    display: none !important;
    visibility: hidden !important;
    width: 0 !important;
    height: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP 5 — canonical table presentation layer
   Scope: table CSS only. JS behavior, header, TOC, PHP, and plugin untouched.
   ========================================================================== */

/* Base table shell/wrapper */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-shell {
    position: relative !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    margin: 2rem 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    overflow-y: visible !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch !important;
    overscroll-behavior-x: contain !important;
}

/* Actual table */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper table {
    width: max-content !important;
    min-width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    border-collapse: collapse !important;
    border-spacing: 0 !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: .88rem !important;
    line-height: 1.65 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper th,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper td {
    padding: .9rem 1rem !important;
    text-align: right !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
    border-top: 0 !important;
    border-right: 0 !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    background-clip: padding-box !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper th {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 82%, var(--fr-bg)) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper tr:last-child > th,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper tr:last-child > td {
    border-bottom: 0 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper tbody tr:hover > th,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper tbody tr:hover > td {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 4%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
}

/* Subtle modern scrollbars for tables */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper {
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    scrollbar-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 30%, transparent) transparent;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar {
    height: 9px !important;
    width: 9px !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: transparent !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 30%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    border: 2px solid transparent !important;
    background-clip: content-box !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-muted) 44%, transparent) !important;
    background-clip: content-box !important;
}

/* Desktop drag-to-scroll cursor states */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable {
        cursor: grab !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-pointer-on-text,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-pointer-on-text * {
        cursor: text !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-table-dragging,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-table-dragging * {
        cursor: grabbing !important;
        user-select: none !important;
        -webkit-user-select: none !important;
    }
}

/* Mobile table scroll */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-table-shell,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-table-shell *,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-table-wrapper,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-body .fr-table-wrapper * {
        touch-action: pan-x pan-y !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper {
        overflow-x: auto !important;
        overflow-y: visible !important;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper table {
        min-width: max-content !important;
        font-size: .82rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper th,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper td {
        padding: .75rem .85rem !important;
    }
}

/* Sticky-row overlay: final embedded table-row look */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay {
    position: fixed !important;
    display: none;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    z-index: 10020 !important;
    contain: layout paint;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.active {
    display: block !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay-inner {
    will-change: transform;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay table,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay-table {
    margin: 0 !important;
    border-collapse: collapse !important;
    border-spacing: 0 !important;
    table-layout: fixed !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay tr,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay th,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay td {
    height: auto !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
    background: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    background-color: var(--fr-surface) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
    line-height: 1.45 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay th,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay td {
    /* Border widths/colors are copied from the real cells in JS. */
    background-clip: padding-box !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay::before,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay .fr-sticky-cell-from-rowspan {
    max-height: 82px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

/* Sticky overlay interaction states */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay * {
    pointer-events: auto !important;
    user-select: text !important;
    -webkit-user-select: text !important;
    -webkit-touch-callout: default !important;
}
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-is-draggable {
        cursor: grab !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-pointer-on-text,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-is-draggable.fr-pointer-on-text * {
        cursor: text !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-dragging,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-dragging * {
        cursor: grabbing !important;
        user-select: none !important;
        -webkit-user-select: none !important;
    }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay {
        z-index: 9999 !important;
        max-width: 100vw !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay * {
        touch-action: pan-y !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay .fr-inline-tooltip {
        touch-action: manipulation !important;
    }
}

/* Top-scrollbar system is obsolete; keep hard-disabled for old cached markup. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-top-scroll,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-top-scroll-inner,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-has-x-scroll .fr-table-top-scroll {
    display: none !important;
    visibility: hidden !important;
    width: 0 !important;
    height: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TABLE-MOBILE-STACK: prevent clipped lowest stacked sticky row
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay {
        max-height: none !important;
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay-inner,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay table,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay tbody,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay tr {
        overflow: visible !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TABLE-TOOLTIP-CURSOR: show tooltip cursor inside tables on desktop
   ========================================================================== */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper .fr-inline-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper .vsrt-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay .fr-inline-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay .vsrt-tooltip {
        cursor: help !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable .fr-inline-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-wrapper.fr-table-is-draggable .vsrt-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-is-draggable .fr-inline-tooltip,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-table-sticky-overlay.fr-table-is-draggable .vsrt-tooltip {
        cursor: help !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TOC TITLE ICON: restore compact TOC heading icon after old TOC cleanup
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-title {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: .5rem !important;
    margin: 0 0 1rem !important;
    padding: 0 0 .75rem !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fr-border) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-size: 1.05rem !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-title svg {
    flex: 0 0 20px !important;
    width: 20px !important;
    height: 20px !important;
    max-width: 20px !important;
    max-height: 20px !important;
    color: var(--fr-accent) !important;
    stroke: currentColor !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX PDF + DESKTOP HEADER HEIGHT after old PDF CSS cleanup
   ========================================================================== */

/* Restore the structural PDF button styles that were accidentally removed with
   old PDF color experiments. Theme-specific colors remain defined in the color
   token layer. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: .55rem !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 46px !important;
    padding: .9rem 1rem !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    line-height: 1.35 !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.35rem !important;
    border: 1px solid transparent !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10) !important;
    transition: opacity .16s ease, background-color .16s ease, color .16s ease, box-shadow .16s ease !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover {
    opacity: .92 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn svg,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn .fr-pdf-icon {
    width: 20px !important;
    height: 20px !important;
    flex: 0 0 20px !important;
    stroke: currentColor !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn span {
    color: currentColor !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn-mobile {
    width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

/* Restore a more comfortable desktop header/menu-bar height. Mobile/tablet
   header sizing is intentionally left untouched. */
@media (min-width: 1025px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact {
        --fr-header-current: 72px !important;
        --fr-header-normal: 72px !important;
        --fr-header-compact: 72px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header,
    body.frontiers-article-template #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact #site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .site-header,
    body.frontiers-article-template.fr-header-compact .elementor-location-header {
        height: 72px !important;
        min-height: 72px !important;
        max-height: 72px !important;
        padding-top: 10px !important;
        padding-bottom: 10px !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template header img,
    body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
        max-height: 46px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-right,
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-sidebar-left {
        top: calc(var(--fr-fixed-header-offset, 0px) + 72px + 16px) !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX PDF hover stability: no layout shift, no shadow change
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:link,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:visited,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:active {
    box-sizing: border-box !important;
    min-height: 46px !important;
    padding: .9rem 1rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.35rem !important;
    border-width: 1px !important;
    border-style: solid !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transform: none !important;
    outline-offset: 0 !important;
}

/* Keep the exact same shadow on hover/focus. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus,
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:active {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10) !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:active {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10) !important;
}

/* Preserve per-theme border colors consistently between normal and hover states. */
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:active {
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 88%, transparent) !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn,
html[data-theme="dark-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:hover,
html[data-theme="dark-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:focus,
html[data-theme="dark-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-pdf-btn:active {
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 70%, transparent) !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TITLE: restore graphical title container
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    position: relative !important;
    isolation: isolate !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2.6rem) 0 clamp(1.2rem, 2.5vw, 2rem) !important;
    padding: clamp(1rem, 2.4vw, 1.45rem) clamp(1rem, 2.6vw, 1.6rem) !important;
    border-radius: 26px !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 74%, transparent) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.65vw, 3.7rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.58 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.022em;
    text-align: center !important;
    text-align-last: center !important;
    text-wrap: normal !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 13%, transparent), transparent 34%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 78%, var(--fr-bg)), var(--fr-bg)) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(15, 23, 42, .065) !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    inset-block: 18% !important;
    right: 0 !important;
    width: 5px !important;
    border-radius: 999px 0 0 999px !important;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 32%, transparent), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 86%, var(--fr-text)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 32%, transparent)) !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    left: -60px !important;
    bottom: -70px !important;
    width: 180px !important;
    height: 180px !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 6%, transparent) !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
    z-index: -1 !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    box-shadow: 0 20px 55px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 11%, transparent), transparent 34%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 80%, var(--fr-bg)), var(--fr-bg)) !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        border-radius: 20px !important;
        font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 7.1vw, 2.35rem) !important;
        line-height: 1.68 !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        margin-top: 1rem !important;
        padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.05rem !important;
        box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(15,23,42,.06) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
        width: 4px !important;
        inset-block: 20% !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TITLE 2: restore subtle chosen title container with quiet circles
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    position: relative !important;
    isolation: isolate !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: clamp(1.25rem, 2.7vw, 2.45rem) 0 clamp(1.25rem, 2.4vw, 2rem) !important;
    padding: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.5rem) clamp(1.05rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem) !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 70%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 22px !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 82%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 5%, transparent), transparent 28%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 18%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 4%, transparent), transparent 24%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 46%, transparent), transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 88%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 24%, transparent),
        0 14px 34px rgba(15, 23, 42, .045) !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.65vw, 3.7rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.58 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.022em !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    text-align-last: center !important;
    text-wrap: normal !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    inset-block: 16px !important;
    right: 0 !important;
    width: 3px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    border-radius: 999px 0 0 999px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 68%, var(--fr-text)) !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    left: -42px !important;
    bottom: -52px !important;
    width: 142px !important;
    height: 142px !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 5%, transparent) !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
    z-index: -1 !important;
    filter: none !important;
}
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 7%, transparent),
        0 14px 34px rgba(0, 0, 0, .22) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 82%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 5%, transparent), transparent 28%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 18%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 4%, transparent), transparent 24%),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 72%, transparent), transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 84%, var(--fr-surface)) !important;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 7.1vw, 2.35rem) !important;
        line-height: 1.68 !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        border-radius: 18px !important;
        padding: .95rem 1rem !important;
        margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
        inset-block: 14px !important;
        width: 3px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
        left: -34px !important;
        bottom: -42px !important;
        width: 112px !important;
        height: 112px !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOTFIX TITLE 3: clearly different subtle circular title container
   ========================================================================== */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    position: relative !important;
    isolation: isolate !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: clamp(1.35rem, 2.8vw, 2.55rem) 0 clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 2.05rem) !important;
    padding: clamp(1.2rem, 2.4vw, 1.7rem) clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem) !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    text-align-last: center !important;
    color: var(--fr-text) !important;
    font-family: var(--fr-article-font) !important;
    font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3.45vw, 3.45rem) !important;
    line-height: 1.62 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    letter-spacing: -0.018em !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-border) 62%, transparent) !important;
    border-radius: 24px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 18%, transparent),
        0 12px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, .038) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 14% 26%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 8%, transparent) 0 42px, transparent 43px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 86% 78%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 6%, transparent) 0 88px, transparent 89px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 94% 14%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-text) 3%, transparent) 0 34px, transparent 35px),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 58%, var(--fr-bg)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 88%, var(--fr-surface))) !important;
}

/* Replace the previous vertical side bar with a fine, quiet top hairline. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    right: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) !important;
    left: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) !important;
    bottom: auto !important;
    width: auto !important;
    height: 2px !important;
    border-radius: 0 0 999px 999px !important;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 45%, var(--fr-text)), transparent) !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}

/* Visible but subtle inner circular ornament. */
body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
    content: '' !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    left: -58px !important;
    bottom: -58px !important;
    width: 168px !important;
    height: 168px !important;
    border-radius: 999px !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 12%, transparent) !important;
    box-shadow:
        0 0 0 28px color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 3.5%, transparent),
        inset 0 0 0 42px color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 2.5%, transparent) !important;
    pointer-events: none !important;
    z-index: -1 !important;
    filter: none !important;
}

html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
    box-shadow:
        inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 6%, transparent),
        0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, .20) !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 14% 26%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 7%, transparent) 0 42px, transparent 43px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 86% 78%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 5%, transparent) 0 88px, transparent 89px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 94% 14%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-text) 3%, transparent) 0 34px, transparent 35px),
        linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 72%, var(--fr-bg)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 88%, var(--fr-surface))) !important;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.58rem, 6.8vw, 2.25rem) !important;
        line-height: 1.68 !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        border-radius: 20px !important;
        padding: 1.05rem 1rem !important;
        margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem !important;
        background:
            radial-gradient(circle at 12% 24%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 8%, transparent) 0 34px, transparent 35px),
            radial-gradient(circle at 90% 84%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-accent) 6%, transparent) 0 62px, transparent 63px),
            linear-gradient(180deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-surface) 58%, var(--fr-bg)), color-mix(in srgb, var(--fr-bg) 88%, var(--fr-surface))) !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::before {
        right: 1rem !important;
        left: 1rem !important;
        height: 2px !important;
    }
    body.frontiers-article-template .fr-article-title::after {
        width: 118px !important;
        height: 118px !important;
        left: -42px !important;
        bottom: -42px !important;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   CLEANUP COLOR 1 + HOTFIX LOGO: canonical light-mode logo behavior
   ========================================================================== */

/* The original logo asset is white. In the first/pure light mode it must render
   dark/black on desktop and responsive headers. Gray mode and dark modes keep the
   original white logo. */
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .custom-logo-link img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img,
html[data-theme="light-1"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header .elementor-widget-theme-site-logo img {
    filter: brightness(0) saturate(100%) !important;
}
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header img,
html[data-theme="light-2"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template header img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template #site-header img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .site-header img,
html[data-theme^="dark"] body.frontiers-article-template .elementor-location-header img {
    filter: none !important;
}